The Complete Guide to S&S Air Filter Cleaning: Maximizing Performance and Engine Longevity

Proper S&S air filter cleaning is a critical maintenance task that directly impacts the performance, efficiency, and lifespan of your motorcycle's engine. Neglecting this simple yet vital service can lead to reduced power, poor fuel economy, and potentially costly internal engine damage. Unlike disposable paper filters, the high-quality cotton gauze and mesh filters used on S&S air cleaners are designed to be serviced and reused for many thousands of miles. A correct cleaning and re-oiling process not only restores the filter's ability to trap harmful contaminants but can actually improve its efficiency over time. This comprehensive guide will provide a step-by-step, detailed explanation of the entire procedure, from removal and inspection to cleaning, drying, oiling, and reinstallation, ensuring your engine breathes clean, unrestricted air for optimum performance.

Understanding the S&S Air Filter and Its Function

Before beginning the cleaning process, it is essential to understand what the S&S air filter does and why its maintenance is so important. The primary role of the air filter is to act as a barrier, preventing abrasive dirt, dust, and other particulate matter from entering the engine's intake system. These contaminants are incredibly damaging; if allowed into the cylinders, they act like a grinding paste, accelerating wear on piston rings, cylinder walls, and other internal components. S&S filters are renowned for their performance and durability because of their construction. They typically consist of multiple layers of cotton gauze sandwiched between a wire mesh support. This design creates a vast surface area and a tortuous path for incoming air, allowing it to flow freely while ensuring that even microscopic particles are trapped. The filter is then saturated with a special tacky oil. This oil is the key to the filtration process; as air passes through, dust particles adhere to the oiled surfaces. Over time, the filter becomes clogged with a layer of dirt, and the oil dries out, increasing restriction to airflow. This is why a regular cleaning and re-oiling schedule is non-negotiable for maintaining peak engine health and power output.

Gathering the Necessary Tools and Supplies

Attempting to clean an S&S air filter without the correct materials will lead to poor results and can potentially damage the filter. Using improper cleaners or oils can break down the filter's glue, degrade the cotton gauze, or fail to provide adequate filtration. It is highly recommended to use cleaning and oiling kits specifically designed for performance air filters, such as those from S&S Cycle, K&N, or other reputable brands. The following is a complete list of what you will need:

• S&S Air Filter Cleaner: This is a specialized solvent formulated to dissolve the grease, grime, and old oil without harming the filter media or the bonding agent that holds the filter together. Using harsh chemicals like gasoline, brake cleaner, or aggressive household solvents can cause irreversible damage.
• S&S Air Filter Oil: This is a crucial component. Filter oil is specially formulated to be incredibly tacky, ensuring dirt particles stick to it. It also has the correct viscosity to not be drawn into the engine under high vacuum. Never substitute with engine oil, transmission fluid, or other lubricants, as they are not tacky enough and can be sucked into the engine, potentially causing damage.
• A Clean Work Area: A well-lit bench or table is ideal.
• Safety Equipment: Disposable nitrile gloves to protect your hands from the solvent and the messy, oily grime.
• Eye Protection: Safety glasses are always a good idea when using chemical sprays.
• A Large Bucket or Basin: This will be used for the cleaning and rinsing process.
• Clean, Lint-Free Rags: Microfiber towels work exceptionally well.
• A Source of Warm Water: For rinsing. A utility sink or a hose outside is perfect.
• A Grease Pen or Marker (Optional but Useful): For marking the filter's orientation before removal.
• New Air Filter Gasket or O-Ring: It is excellent practice to replace the seal between the air cleaner cover and the backing plate during each service to prevent air leaks.

Step-by-Step Removal of the S&S Air Cleaner Assembly

The first physical step is to safely remove the air cleaner assembly from your motorcycle. The exact method can vary slightly depending on the model of S&S air cleaner (e.g., Teardrop, Super E, etc.) and your motorcycle's make and model. Always consult your motorcycle's service manual for specific instructions.

1. Preparation: Ensure the motorcycle is on a stable, level surface. The engine should be completely cool to the touch to prevent burns.
2. Mark the Orientation: Before loosening anything, use a grease pencil or a marker to make a small alignment mark on the filter element and the backing plate. This indicates the filter's installed position, which is helpful if the filter is not perfectly symmetrical.
3. Remove the Cover: Most S&S air cleaners use a series of screws or a single large wing nut to secure the outer cover. Using the correct-sized screwdriver or socket, carefully loosen and remove these fasteners. Place them in a small container so they do not get lost.
4. Remove the Cover and Filter: Gently pull the cover away from the backing plate. The filter element will likely be stuck to the inside of the cover due to the tacky oil. Carefully pull the filter away from the cover.
5. Inspect the Air Intake Tract: With the filter removed, take a moment to look into the throttle body or carburetor intake. If the area is dirty, carefully wipe it clean with a lint-free rag lightly moistened with contact cleaner. Be extremely cautious not to drop any debris into the intake opening. You can temporarily cover the intake with a clean rag while you service the filter.

The Detailed Cleaning and Re-oiling Process

This is the core of the maintenance procedure. Patience and attention to detail here will ensure a perfectly serviced filter.

Part A: Initial Cleaning and Inspection

1. Initial Inspection: Hold the dirty filter up to a light source. Examine the entire surface for any holes, tears, or areas where the cotton gauze is separating from the wire mesh. Even a small breach will allow unfiltered air into the engine. If any damage is found, the filter must be replaced. Do not attempt to repair it.
2. Pre-Cleaning Rinse (Optional but Recommended): Gently tap the filter on a newspaper or rag to dislodge any loose, dry dirt. Then, from the inside of the filter, use low-pressure compressed air to blow outwards. This helps to remove a significant amount of surface debris before the wet cleaning begins. Never blow air from the outside in, as this will force dirt deeper into the filter media.
3. Applying the Cleaner: Take the filter to a well-ventilated area or outdoors. Place it in your bucket or basin. Shake the can of S&S Air Filter Cleaner well. Spray the cleaner liberally over the entire outer surface of the filter, allowing it to soak through to the inside. Ensure you cover every part of the pleated media. The solvent will immediately begin to dissolve the grime and old oil, which will start to drip away.
4. Soaking and Agitating: Let the filter soak for 10-15 minutes as per the cleaner's instructions. Do not let the cleaner dry on the filter. After soaking, you can gently agitate the filter by moving it around in the bucket. You will see the dissolved dirt washing away.
5. Rinsing: This is a critical step. Using a gentle stream of cool or lukewarm water, begin rinsing the filter. Always rinse from the clean side to the dirty side. This means directing the water flow from the inside of the filter towards the outside. This technique pushes the trapped contaminants out of the filter media, the opposite direction they entered. Rushing this step and spraying haphazardly from the outside can permanently trap dirt deep within the gauze layers.
6. Final Rinse: Continue rinsing until the water runs completely clear and there are no more suds from the cleaning solvent. It is impossible to over-rinse, so take your time to ensure all solvent and dirt are removed.

Part B: Drying the Filter

Thorough drying is absolutely essential before applying the new filter oil. Any water left inside the filter will dilute the oil, making it ineffective.

1. Shake Off Excess Water: Gently shake the filter to remove the bulk of the water.
2. Air Drying: The best and safest method is to let the filter air dry naturally. Place it on a clean rag in a warm, dry, and dust-free area with good air circulation. Allow it to dry completely. This may take several hours. Do not be tempted to use compressed air to dry it, as the high pressure can damage the delicate cotton gauze. Likewise, never use a heat gun, hair dryer, or an oven, as excessive heat can destroy the filter media and melt the glue seals.

Part C: Applying the New Filter Oil

Oiling the filter correctly is what makes it work. The goal is an even, complete coating of the correct amount of oil. Too little oil, and filtration is compromised. Too much oil, and it can be drawn into the engine, potentially fouling sensors or causing irregular running.

1. Check for Dryness: Confirm the filter is 100% dry to the touch, inside and out.
2. Apply the Oil: Shake the can of S&S Air Filter Oil vigorously. Starting on the outside of the filter, apply a thin, even stream of oil along the crest of each pleat. Slowly rotate the filter, oiling each pleat. The oil will quickly wick into the gauze. After the outside is done, apply oil to the inside surface in the same manner, focusing on the base of each pleat.
3. Massage the Oil In: Once the entire filter has a preliminary coating, put on your nitrile gloves and gently massage the oil into the filter media. Work the oil thoroughly and evenly through every part of the gauze. You should see the distinctive color of the oil (usually red) appearing uniformly across the entire surface.
4. Check for Coverage: Hold the filter up to a bright light. Look for any spots that are lighter in color or still look dry. These areas need more oil. The goal is a uniform, saturated appearance without any dry spots.
5. The Final Check for Excess Oil: This is a vital step. Once the filter is fully saturated, carefully squeeze the pleats gently with a clean, lint-free rag. This removes any puddles or excess oil that could be sucked into the engine. The filter should be fully oiled but not dripping.

Reinstallation and Final Checks

With the filter cleaned, dried, and oiled, it is time to put everything back together.

1. Prepare the Mounting Surface: Clean the mating surface on the air cleaner backing plate and the inside of the cover. Ensure the old gasket or O-ring is removed and the surface is free of debris.
2. Install the New Gasket: Fit the new gasket or O-ring onto the backing plate. A light smear of grease can help hold it in place during installation.
3. Position the Filter: Carefully place the freshly oiled filter onto the backing plate, aligning it with the mark you made during removal. Ensure it sits flat and seats properly.
4. Reinstall the Cover: Place the cover back onto the backing plate, taking care not to pinch the filter gasket. Hand-tighten the fasteners.
5. Tighten Fasteners: Using a crisscross pattern, gradually and evenly tighten the screws or the central wing nut to the manufacturer's specified torque. Overtightening can warp the cover or damage the threads, while under-tightening can cause an air leak.
6. Final Inspection: Do a visual check to ensure everything is aligned correctly and there are no gaps.

Establishing a Proper Cleaning Schedule

The frequency of S&S air filter cleaning is not a fixed mileage interval; it depends entirely on your riding conditions. A motorcycle ridden exclusively on clean, paved roads may go 10,000 miles or more between services. However, a bike ridden regularly in dusty, dirty, or wet environments may require cleaning every 2,000 miles or even more frequently. The best practice is to perform a visual inspection every time you perform an oil change or other routine maintenance. Remove the outer cover and look at the filter. If the visible surfaces are covered in dirt and debris, or if the red oil color is no longer visible, it is time for a cleaning. A noticeable decrease in performance or fuel economy can also be an indicator of a clogged filter. Keeping a simple logbook of your cleaning dates and mileage can help you establish a personalized maintenance schedule that fits your specific riding habits.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Even with a careful cleaning process, issues can sometimes arise. Here is how to address common problems:

• Engine Runs Poorly After Service: If the engine idles roughly, hesitates, or lacks power immediately after cleaning the air filter, the most likely cause is excess filter oil. An over-oiled filter can allow liquid oil to be drawn into the intake, fouling the throttle body or sensors. The solution is to remove the filter and carefully blot the excess oil with a clean rag as described earlier.
• Dirt in the Intake Tract: If you discover dirt past the filter, on the throttle body butterfly valve, for example, this indicates a failure in the filtration system. The causes can be a torn or damaged filter, an improper cleaning technique that forced dirt through the media, an incorrect or missing gasket creating an air leak, or the use of an inappropriate oil that failed to trap contaminants. A thorough inspection of the entire assembly is necessary.
• Staining Around the Air Cleaner: Some filter oils can cause slight staining on the outer cover or surrounding engine parts. This is typically a cosmetic issue. Wiping the area with a degreaser can remove the stain. Using a high-quality, synthetic filter oil can sometimes reduce this issue.

By following this comprehensive guide to S&S air filter cleaning, you are performing one of the most cost-effective and impactful maintenance tasks for your motorcycle. A clean and properly oiled filter ensures your engine receives the clean air it needs to deliver maximum power, optimal fuel efficiency, and a long, reliable service life.